R&D Expenditure - Scientific and technical journal articles

ADB Topics Research and Development R&D Expenditure

Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

	2000	2005	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Australia	23,496	31,995	42,097	45,374	46,728	50,921	52,855	54,235	55,174	55,220	56,691	58,770	58,871	61,976	62,305
Brunei Darussalam	38	35	58	80	116	123	186	174	220	201	294	230	293	335	414
Cambodia	12	36	56	71	77	85	93	111	125	125	148	146	163	171	203
China	53,285	165,867	309,193	323,332	329,067	355,651	385,101	406,734	436,614	468,713	532,295	617,494	672,735	766,200	898,949
Fiji	27	58	69	66	65	83	118	101	167	140	163	160	183	207	213
Armenia	348	395	494	589	549	532	541	534	537	539	525	627	622	576	655
Azerbaijan	159	360	604	641	680	476	391	450	593	732	811	924	1,034	1,014	1,175
Georgia	263	424	345	479	453	470	460	490	592	543	548	621	619	657	599
Afghanistan	4	9	28	42	35	27	35	21	60	72	90	139	146	177	169
Bangladesh	444	593	1,427	1,391	1,921	1,787	2,408	2,183	2,591	3,127	3,182	5,205	5,121	7,552	7,056
Bhutan	1	6	18	16	16	28	28	26	44	48	53	56	82	105	115
Indonesia	398	604	1,446	1,943	2,111	2,815	3,354	4,474	6,754	13,002	21,795	31,005	32,896	39,566	31,947
Japan	96,607	112,257	108,733	110,457	109,040	108,551	105,287	102,019	102,449	102,425	103,957	104,006	102,788	109,075	103,723
Kiribati	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	2	3	1	4	4	2	2
Korea, Rep.	15,875	32,098	50,339	53,624	56,101	57,320	60,153	62,723	62,915	64,097	66,893	70,702	73,256	77,566	76,936
Lao PDR	9	24	44	50	63	72	57	71	89	79	90	95	90	87	84
Malaysia	1,327	2,509	10,938	13,550	14,204	15,009	16,608	18,100	18,747	19,901	19,992	21,652	21,993	26,303	26,506
Marshall Islands	2	5	3	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	3	3	2	3	2
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	4	8	14	5	5	5	3	7	4	7	4	2	8	2	3
Mongolia	27	40	90	102	128	163	115	102	117	151	152	194	214	284	262
Myanmar	15	51	51	96	39	34	46	73	86	150	234	289	430	274	163
Nauru	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
New Zealand	4,325	5,448	6,962	7,675	7,759	7,808	7,997	7,892	8,204	8,178	8,396	8,891	8,813	9,152	9,214
Palau	2	10	5	2	2	4	5	6	3	6	7	6	7	6	6
Papua New Guinea	64	37	50	42	61	53	63	59	60	62	61	71	60	84	83
Philippines	346	458	680	879	820	935	1,039	1,365	1,655	1,992	2,121	3,380	3,263	4,053	3,961
Samoa	7	5	6	6	3	4	10	10	7	9	12	9	21	24	16
Singapore	4,813	8,104	9,958	10,208	10,823	11,086	11,333	11,537	12,075	12,190	12,072	12,086	12,347	12,611	12,700
Solomon Islands	5	3	9	7	4	4	8	14	15	11	15	13	16	14	11
Thailand	1,668	3,666	6,802	7,244	7,564	7,581	8,204	8,535	9,585	11,108	12,785	13,620	14,020	16,705	18,491
Timor-Leste	0	2	1	3	6	6	12	9	9	15	16	14	12	17	14
Tonga	2	1	1	2	2	2	1	3	3	8	6	5	9	4	5
Tuvalu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
Vanuatu	4	13	7	8	7	8	8	11	13	10	8	10	12	18	15
Vietnam	202	404	1,100	1,221	1,560	1,881	1,944	2,223	3,021	3,279	4,302	6,113	8,266	9,651	10,530
Kazakhstan	193	251	322	382	448	622	907	1,110	1,471	1,690	1,974	2,413	2,907	3,295	3,551
Kyrgyz Republic	29	45	35	50	52	56	51	48	106	115	135	186	210	252	237
Tajikistan	34	33	41	41	48	57	39	56	51	58	60	86	117	129	110
Turkmenistan	6	3	7	12	13	6	19	6	3	8	5	3	6	12	22
Uzbekistan	363	350	395	381	332	353	334	294	378	340	351	773	1,259	2,408	2,187
India	21,409	32,734	60,266	71,375	78,135	82,849	91,832	98,301	107,484	113,509	130,235	132,820	148,410	179,806	207,390
Maldives	1	4	3	7	8	7	6	7	7	7	7	11	25	25	36
Nepal	100	295	382	391	396	458	507	539	627	693	841	1,054	1,513	1,797	1,699
Pakistan	1,037	2,356	5,470	6,070	6,483	7,175	7,323	8,117	9,295	11,152	12,370	15,378	16,978	20,754	22,643
Sri Lanka	209	336	504	571	608	733	706	754	1,124	1,189	1,459	1,707	1,796	2,393	2,483

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

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