R&D Expenditure - Scientific and technical journal articles

AfDB Topics Research and Development R&D Expenditure

Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

	2000	2005	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Algeria	382	897	2,093	2,405	2,999	3,397	3,619	4,071	4,448	5,142	5,291	6,231	5,710	6,839	7,607
Djibouti	2	4	7	4	7	6	8	6	4	5	7	5	10	8	13
Egypt, Arab Rep.	2,683	3,618	6,574	7,169	8,281	8,510	9,015	9,710	11,127	11,188	13,197	15,448	18,009	21,379	24,025
Libya	61	77	297	126	152	204	194	176	140	163	168	186	246	456	408
Morocco	870	923	1,595	1,887	2,119	2,161	2,485	2,486	3,653	4,017	4,792	5,512	6,360	7,389	8,445
Tunisia	657	1,721	3,460	3,699	3,801	4,231	4,529	4,873	5,415	5,614	5,558	5,205	4,956	5,122	5,730
Angola	6	10	15	18	21	24	35	32	38	55	30	36	49	42	45
Benin	45	61	106	129	143	179	180	180	173	208	233	277	317	382	414
Botswana	112	124	164	168	160	167	205	164	236	240	285	309	324	386	393
Burkina Faso	49	73	125	150	189	164	169	193	206	209	255	262	262	332	411
Burundi	2	4	12	10	11	14	13	13	12	13	20	30	35	27	28
Cabo Verde	0	0	3	3	4	8	9	12	9	14	9	14	21	24	22
Cameroon	118	284	355	402	408	469	565	597	673	796	873	933	1,108	1,338	1,506
Central African Republic	6	8	14	15	11	13	17	13	27	18	22	17	20	15	20
Chad	3	9	4	7	5	5	9	9	11	15	17	14	14	25	29
Comoros	1	2	2	4	1	9	2	2	5	4	3	4	4	5	4
Congo, Rep.	17	46	41	46	54	51	71	78	77	67	62	77	76	89	90
Cote d'Ivoire	76	102	155	180	186	158	181	177	174	206	248	241	249	334	298
Congo, Dem. Rep.	15	23	53	46	70	68	86	99	97	123	142	139	176	213	238
Equatorial Guinea	0	1	3	2	2	2	2	4	5	3	3	4	2	4	3
Eritrea	5	12	10	12	4	11	8	10	9	14	21	27	38	33	34
Ethiopia	166	223	446	492	650	771	985	1,015	1,168	1,631	2,100	2,735	4,142	5,716	7,156
Gabon	24	49	43	57	51	54	60	61	59	61	61	76	62	93	95
Ghana	139	189	355	410	514	580	623	786	1,008	1,117	1,364	1,656	2,077	2,560	3,075
Guinea	3	7	12	11	12	11	20	28	39	37	28	34	41	48	47
Guinea-Bissau	1	9	6	10	13	12	18	10	11	17	16	14	17	14	15
Kenya	360	461	751	831	792	854	936	1,002	1,100	1,191	1,335	1,463	1,786	1,977	2,007
Lesotho	8	7	12	15	21	15	12	17	22	25	21	38	34	44	48
Liberia	1	1	4	9	7	3	9	11	17	21	25	22	11	26	26
Madagascar	61	57	80	96	94	113	114	106	101	133	125	122	176	174	157
Malawi	65	86	127	141	158	136	172	179	195	235	246	252	291	372	362
Mali	16	41	74	86	85	62	70	66	77	99	87	92	99	113	118
Mauritania	6	11	5	13	13	15	12	14	15	11	17	21	22	37	26
Mauritius	54	75	85	64	116	121	122	121	155	167	134	237	193	194	239
Mozambique	23	39	47	74	63	70	87	105	110	133	151	155	176	220	194
Namibia	21	53	38	49	64	85	92	100	101	114	161	158	204	231	220
Niger	25	22	68	31	31	31	48	53	51	57	66	64	68	57	74
Nigeria	1,036	1,785	3,173	3,410	3,114	3,138	3,554	3,562	3,959	4,503	5,529	6,894	8,170	9,423	9,408
Rwanda	3	7	45	47	54	88	97	103	130	128	173	198	265	329	353
Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	2	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	2	3	3	4
Senegal	146	203	189	261	261	276	296	328	333	339	385	377	413	421	451
Seychelles	4	5	13	10	10	17	10	19	12	12	11	11	30	22	20
Sierra Leone	5	4	12	11	15	15	20	33	47	42	41	52	64	79	87
Somalia	0	0	3	3	1	6	5	5	4	11	10	19	33	54	106
South Africa	3,965	5,277	7,697	8,324	9,105	9,656	10,324	11,148	12,185	13,020	13,477	15,148	15,745	16,093	16,651
South Sudan	0	0	0	2	2	9	6	6	2	6	10	9	15	13	16
Sudan	69	110	239	273	244	321	222	252	366	322	401	390	386	548	507
Eswatini	8	13	21	21	16	17	11	15	19	29	29	34	37	40	43
Tanzania	151	219	363	401	393	401	530	538	563	616	627	791	889	997	1,171
Gambia, The	28	37	45	34	37	46	46	42	52	47	36	51	61	81	78
Togo	31	25	49	49	44	57	75	70	67	66	85	91	90	107	135
Uganda	131	220	407	416	451	472	510	609	605	653	686	802	921	1,208	1,244
Zambia	34	61	88	101	107	121	130	162	180	208	218	210	267	313	344
Zimbabwe	236	141	147	142	205	221	270	275	323	340	393	426	456	496	563

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

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