Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.

Researchers in R&D (number per million people)

2000200520102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Algeria170822
Egypt, Arab Rep.461462485506633631647636645777791808829845
Morocco7228488531,0301,083
Tunisia1,3751,4201,6141,7821,7951,7751,9691,9191,7901,7261,6451,6101,704
Angola4819
Botswana168180
Burkina Faso47
Burundi2022
Cabo Verde49125
Chad57
Congo, Rep.33127
Cote d'Ivoire64
Congo, Dem. Rep.10
Ethiopia21414489
Ghana3787
Kenya227169201
Lesotho624
Madagascar15475049243033
Malawi50
Mali2829315529
Mauritius177465544558564579853
Mozambique4044
Namibia149225
Niger727
Nigeria22
Rwanda151459133
Senegal375572
Seychelles147
South Africa351360382401430428467482517501480460455444
Eswatini138
Tanzania3619
Gambia, The3051
Togo3233333537353137464544444341
Uganda402912
Zimbabwe95