Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.

Researchers in R&D (number per million people)

2000200520102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Bosnia and Herzegovina61156228284354407472460451446446540670
Bulgaria1,1801,3021,4711,6061,5371,6851,8221,9772,2372,1252,3432,4202,4012,3472,557
Croatia1,5551,3281,6491,5941,5671,5361,4451,5141,8711,9011,9732,2042,2952,4142,534
Czechia1,3522,3532,7992,9263,1623,2613,4283,6193,5473,7183,9074,0284,1874,5604,697
Hungary1,4121,5762,1362,3102,4012,5282,6552,5702,6262,9023,8464,0214,3104,4524,725
North Macedonia645533536451624694868897902778862859869844731922
Moldova717760777769737925946912923903824775781768717
Montenegro643638665831717709775764
Poland1,4421,6301,6971,6801,7521,8682,0552,1582,3042,9953,0793,1593,2603,5583,721
Romania9261,078965790892924905876910888876887942989999
Serbia1,5031,6161,6351,7191,8232,0602,1222,0682,0762,0872,1502,2072,3502,515
Slovak Republic1,8512,0312,8172,8412,8272,7232,7242,6592,6092,8033,0033,1173,1673,2113,387
Slovenia2,1842,6343,7704,2884,3314,2374,1673,8373,9404,5114,8805,0615,1875,2355,370