Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, and include holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets. Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexico | 2,218,224,584 | 8,061,149,297 | 9,995,557,073 | 20,710,589,460 | 28,299,040,766 | 17,525,295,809 | 17,789,765,165 | 16,329,337,777 | -15,666,594,232 | -137,043,594 | -4,769,675,083 | 478,011,108 | 2,640,644,364 | 11,997,247,148 | 10,288,766,375 | -1,780,719,414 | 7,537,299,454 | 13,904,307,987 | |
| Peru | -2,140,735,633 | -130,177,767 | 1,411,253,454 | 10,970,197,408 | 4,684,041,159 | 14,827,634,951 | 2,947,552,127 | -2,166,100,217 | 17,390,750 | -68,081,215 | 1,776,493,595 | -3,580,722,449 | 7,034,911,127 | 5,293,368,783 | 4,398,875,421 | -5,076,069,439 | -2,771,363,253 | 7,079,785,972 | |
| Colombia | 39,460,000 | 609,973,973 | 845,982,985 | 1,723,579,698 | 3,117,222,721 | 3,736,592,630 | 5,321,388,997 | 6,940,776,393 | 4,435,514,343 | 416,749,507 | 171,899,537 | 535,876,959 | 1,179,096,919 | 3,317,997,972 | -1,079,481,271 | 630,008,764 | 553,507,938 | 1,706,457,311 | 6,051,360,281 |
| Argentina | -617,368,508 | -1,176,457,760 | 7,653,448,111 | 4,156,732,697 | -6,106,834,854 | -3,304,123,016 | -11,823,878,353 | 1,194,519,836 | -4,905,102,921 | 14,324,709,801 | 14,532,078,459 | -17,064,791,864 | -37,574,995,265 | -6,912,917,525 | 3,027,365,895 | 28,014,061 | -16,538,616,059 | 5,173,245,170 | |
| Guatemala | -242,907,469 | 642,699,509 | 109,371,112 | 676,899,094 | 213,901,440 | 517,832,476 | 738,018,533 | 125,884,071 | 505,222,837 | 1,423,917,583 | 2,600,202,866 | 987,753,665 | 1,798,723,058 | 3,188,502,700 | 2,805,878,063 | 29,518,491 | 905,774,260 | 2,930,725,001 | |
| Uruguay | 131,913,674 | 224,886,551 | 778,191,366 | -387,111,566 | 2,537,632,298 | 3,287,682,332 | 2,980,874,045 | 1,371,735,998 | -1,676,652,652 | -2,161,182,212 | 2,448,232,526 | -408,384,511 | -1,110,435,904 | 1,630,237,391 | 854,872,264 | -1,580,100,393 | 848,975,504 | 1,160,043,008 | |
| Ecuador | 346,126,780 | -5,697,244,585 | 865,473,190 | -1,211,095,148 | 272,491,671 | -581,961,807 | 1,845,806,667 | -420,219,509 | -1,486,034,598 | 1,276,903,416 | -2,356,256,803 | -146,262,004 | -669,800,045 | -1,174,188,949 | 263,115,279 | -1,062,884,113 | -4,075,278,031 | 1,037,726,237 | |
| El Salvador | 27,108,302 | -45,500,024 | -190,302,797 | -297,420,063 | -414,135,242 | 651,531,366 | -326,684,979 | -32,778,946 | 113,040,528 | 451,775,579 | 308,036,981 | 2,019,751 | 876,017,164 | -1,778,778,658 | 359,635,955 | -698,583,295 | 464,318,487 | 799,230,595 | |
| Nicaragua | -695,483,943 | -532,607,444 | 33,949,985 | 202,046,366 | 72,581,288 | -2,526,029 | 111,674,325 | 313,421,719 | 231,189,059 | -22,943,954 | 313,337,782 | -491,190,901 | 132,757,045 | 723,136,330 | 834,838,607 | 366,531,979 | 1,014,338,939 | 722,790,156 | |
| Jamaica | 129,514,452 | 518,378,664 | 229,927,903 | -348,094,801 | -267,782,752 | -823,583,051 | -93,530,607 | 1,097,125,745 | 423,969,337 | 177,016,995 | 498,425,040 | -190,916,478 | 189,880,588 | 35,982,694 | 904,039,070 | -185,690,368 | 332,356,761 | 583,074,341 | |
| Honduras | -310,463,822 | -160,354,811 | 411,305,230 | 588,400,005 | 101,644,460 | -265,105,387 | 490,887,979 | 471,704,928 | 307,240,077 | 64,592,078 | 896,563,286 | 53,058,733 | 992,834,578 | 1,912,652,768 | 461,041,135 | -118,473,768 | -993,185,383 | 453,140,253 | |
| Panama | -135,918,188 | 272,886,615 | 497,023,791 | -1,275,797,934 | -1,742,762,606 | 36,951,865 | 400,872,033 | 1,221,664,354 | -77,421,243 | 608,734,732 | -971,264,010 | -632,639,056 | 1,226,786,792 | 5,031,275,445 | -1,082,572,210 | -1,919,704,381 | 630,814 | 365,574,950 | |
| Bahamas, The | 11,734,493 | -61,000,084 | -88,145,444 | 47,751,373 | 25,070,816 | -75,049,830 | -68,626,716 | 51,577,429 | 28,075,590 | 95,123,743 | 507,562,243 | -217,712,911 | 562,595,772 | 364,257,596 | 60,310,704 | 198,961,855 | -34,299,982 | 242,142,468 | |
| Suriname | 20,624,087 | 35,023,062 | 124,112,265 | 180,128,589 | -147,739,019 | -150,176,708 | -302,307,893 | -631,189,307 | 21,101,798 | 101,354,231 | -312,550,580 | -146,893,933 | 213,269,391 | 28,456,605 | 60,915,908 | 214,860,726 | |||
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 5,436,401 | 12,635,571 | -5,594,210 | 31,228,457 | -28,238,212 | 20,968,671 | 24,071,077 | 16,597,644 | 16,476,026 | 27,563,663 | -14,621,821 | -8,945,778 | 26,231,234 | -2,666,961 | 73,345,971 | 987,495 | -37,987,043 | 33,417,867 | |
| Grenada | 2,530,111 | 6,820,241 | -27,481,179 | -15,993,241 | 1,882,141 | -1,898,111 | 31,535,435 | 16,793,466 | 27,525,390 | 9,422,129 | -6,767,518 | 39,666,041 | 5,232,886 | 36,393,094 | 57,901,703 | 28,159,474 | 35,963,428 | 23,179,230 | |
| Belize | 15,449,382 | 51,616,689 | -11,474,083 | 4,992,113 | 18,212,033 | 55,457,325 | 117,322,372 | 84,873,141 | -103,672,093 | -59,240,684 | -66,700,187 | -16,921,256 | -17,526,963 | 68,724,696 | 76,755,865 | 61,662,977 | -9,803,499 | 10,559,177 | |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | 88,889 | -4,409,899 | -6,806,833 | 33,219,147 | 40,253,361 | -13,660,587 | 33,761,762 | 47,887,587 | -580,482 | 41,287,346 | 44,100,133 | -3,841,350 | -373,566 | 10,381,188 | -35,525,992 | -42,530,299 | -8,082,844 | 8,147,642 | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | -592,593 | -6,174,209 | 7,315,986 | -23,069,045 | -172,929 | -11,107,456 | 11,272,192 | 112,539,145 | 77,522,821 | -4,585,535 | 6,918,546 | 23,592,888 | -49,611,458 | -57,328,231 | 102,346,634 | 22,175,783 | -26,736,966 | -1,016,450 | |
| St. Lucia | 6,298,543 | 4,073,386 | -15,867,778 | 21,087,969 | -491,881 | 16,492,245 | -39,791,785 | 67,877,830 | 63,834,601 | -8,806,301 | 18,336,495 | -32,640,169 | -22,086,755 | -57,909,734 | 155,538,373 | -40,829,461 | 61,330,780 | -17,374,757 | |
| Dominica | 5,048,203 | -2,197,484 | 3,719,184 | 1,937,391 | 8,011,057 | 13,338,002 | -4,783,369 | 16,130,482 | 18,395,559 | 97,278,474 | -8,492,378 | -19,439,988 | -34,708,718 | -2,806,904 | 17,406,629 | 17,105,380 | -18,579,959 | -24,990,206 | |
| Costa Rica | -541,382,705 | -152,934,813 | 393,470,428 | 561,140,937 | 132,357,332 | 2,109,603,840 | 460,895,582 | -113,205,657 | 644,015,214 | -235,166,369 | -418,729,653 | 389,863,087 | 1,392,606,674 | -2,275,982,462 | -556,405,566 | 1,253,635,288 | 4,321,296,098 | -118,594,170 | |
| Paraguay | 116,749,156 | -336,125,050 | 163,220,627 | 319,329,136 | 784,315,843 | -24,470,888 | 1,035,734,695 | 1,131,104,354 | -559,680,914 | 971,977,029 | 877,296,482 | -182,496,555 | -54,251,569 | 1,805,397,494 | 597,025,498 | -135,760,779 | 357,997,355 | -487,362,664 | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | -178,481,450 | 441,115,091 | 1,387,022,058 | 436,171,498 | 803,961,109 | -612,648,692 | 804,361,197 | 1,352,579,311 | -1,540,076,014 | -447,430,343 | -1,122,120,527 | -784,450,120 | -643,517,485 | 4,276,480 | -47,827,192 | 14,272,437 | -586,598,312 | -620,533,634 | |
| Dominican Republic | -4,130,000 | -474,141,563 | -48,355,907 | 747,891,261 | 70,558,425 | 161,671,167 | -440,568,557 | 1,333,640,802 | 650,726,643 | 774,044,326 | 895,392,092 | 722,172,163 | 835,457,167 | 1,126,026,521 | 1,291,449,009 | 2,287,211,021 | 1,433,790,985 | 1,201,024,391 | -1,775,154,731 |
| Chile | 2,322,502,837 | 316,535,276 | 1,710,833,420 | 3,023,068,835 | 14,191,791,636 | -365,901,384 | 312,032,789 | 1,056,822,940 | 225,897,895 | 1,746,559,379 | -2,765,787,364 | 1,436,534,569 | -141,131,995 | -2,870,186,394 | 12,218,180,065 | -9,218,429,125 | 6,775,387,709 | -2,572,373,903 | |
| Brazil | -9,525,419,080 | 4,534,773,431 | 27,565,810,110 | 49,079,976,943 | 58,634,858,573 | 18,899,129,716 | -5,923,870,740 | 10,833,176,742 | 1,568,667,598 | 9,228,397,128 | 5,088,299,795 | 2,937,271,353 | -26,055,261,793 | -14,215,346,824 | 14,013,429,188 | -7,295,935,794 | 21,380,860,212 | -26,421,602,620 | |
| Barbados | -13,354,000 | -44,139,621 | 178,016,297 | 22,185,564 | -47,628,975 | -12,680,897 | 28,020,540 | -156,069,083 | -44,391,584 | -65,488,766 | -106,512,454 | -249,486,516 | |||||||
| Bolivia | -161,365,158 | -39,420,900 | 437,240,206 | 924,309,284 | 2,160,767,468 | 1,711,678,541 | 1,123,654,485 | 932,259,584 | -1,609,705,961 | -3,045,860,544 | -232,482,070 | -1,229,306,820 | -2,838,758,783 | -2,081,193,475 | -5,120,648 | -863,376,366 | -2,396,914,315 | ||
| Guyana | 40,201,771 | 14,343,011 | -195,347,323 | -54,726,373 | -110,761,289 | 49,379,813 | 22,341,344 | -109,884,067 | 2,094,152 | -12,832,920 | -56,216,150 | 56,181,487 | 104,707,960 | 40,708,139 | 121,645,948 | -35,958,829 | |||
| Haiti | -35,205,040 | -56,942,661 | -330,568,129 | -1,670,357,155 | -1,814,113,210 | -729,750,994 | -738,983,844 | -1,046,046,645 | -719,960,232 | -315,748,310 | -451,898,824 | -451,264,613 | -390,434,226 | -41,441,075 | -161,034,336 | -379,408,697 | -91,617,592 | ||
| Venezuela, RB | 87,680,000 | 2,475,910,502 | 5,957,840,767 | 5,424,814,035 | -7,939,314,626 | -4,012,503,637 | -846,178,424 | -4,410,019,259 | -609,103,355 | -4,470,138,395 | -6,347,497,086 |