Technicians in R&D and equivalent staff are people whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in engineering, physical and life sciences (technicians), or social sciences and humanities (equivalent staff). They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers.
2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kazakhstan | 27.9 | 28.1 | 64.1 | 176.9 | 184.0 | 161.8 | 149.2 | 123.8 | 123.9 | ||
Russian Federation | 570.3 | 516.8 | 474.2 | 490.5 | 475.2 | 483.3 | 496.6 | 483.6 | 460.9 | 451.2 | 437.8 |