R&D Expenditure - Scientific and technical journal articles

G20 Topics Research and Development R&D Expenditure

Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

	2000	2005	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Australia	23,496	31,995	42,097	45,374	46,728	50,921	52,855	54,235	55,174	55,220	56,691	58,770	58,871	61,976	62,305
China	53,285	165,867	309,193	323,332	329,067	355,651	385,101	406,734	436,614	468,713	532,295	617,494	672,735	766,200	898,949
France	50,007	59,948	68,993	70,702	72,431	73,456	73,314	72,733	71,972	70,700	69,234	68,294	67,560	69,471	65,888
Germany	69,739	85,128	98,512	101,238	105,639	106,118	108,118	108,479	110,726	111,427	111,308	113,492	112,179	119,604	113,976
Argentina	4,232	4,883	7,154	7,625	7,804	7,945	8,330	8,394	8,602	8,794	9,234	9,224	10,000	9,981	9,122
Brazil	12,800	22,460	41,760	44,156	48,166	50,197	52,367	53,504	55,719	59,143	63,130	66,506	70,490	73,727	67,031
Canada	34,253	47,845	56,793	57,716	59,762	60,075	60,859	61,392	61,324	61,602	63,648	64,547	65,332	69,684	69,052
Indonesia	398	604	1,446	1,943	2,111	2,815	3,354	4,474	6,754	13,002	21,795	31,005	32,896	39,566	31,947
Japan	96,607	112,257	108,733	110,457	109,040	108,551	105,287	102,019	102,449	102,425	103,957	104,006	102,788	109,075	103,723
Korea, Rep.	15,875	32,098	50,339	53,624	56,101	57,320	60,153	62,723	62,915	64,097	66,893	70,702	73,256	77,566	76,936
Italy	36,210	48,094	58,777	60,522	64,131	67,380	69,090	70,947	70,794	72,117	73,694	78,132	86,302	92,877	90,586
Russian Federation	32,707	34,562	34,294	36,397	36,532	38,953	44,779	51,957	61,137	68,641	77,630	90,820	94,910	100,842	84,252
Turkiye	6,815	17,647	26,145	26,839	27,962	30,007	30,611	32,540	34,932	33,087	33,902	37,977	40,923	47,600	52,658
United Kingdom	77,969	86,341	95,150	96,414	98,685	99,859	99,811	101,175	101,572	102,027	102,782	103,938	104,648	109,939	105,584
Mexico	5,027	8,304	11,244	11,752	12,603	13,187	14,168	14,570	15,195	16,178	17,182	18,992	20,363	21,754	21,027
Saudi Arabia	1,596	1,799	3,627	4,831	5,832	7,118	8,120	8,839	9,341	9,944	10,745	13,008	17,012	21,610	25,825
United States	306,473	390,403	413,705	426,832	430,164	432,033	434,412	436,908	437,546	440,418	447,164	451,480	457,587	472,448	457,335
India	21,409	32,734	60,266	71,375	78,135	82,849	91,832	98,301	107,484	113,509	130,235	132,820	148,410	179,806	207,390
South Africa	3,965	5,277	7,697	8,324	9,105	9,656	10,324	11,148	12,185	13,020	13,477	15,148	15,745	16,093	16,651

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

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