G8+5 Topics Research and Development R&D Expenditure

Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.

Scientific and technical journal articles (number)

200020052010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
China53,285165,867309,193323,332329,067355,651385,101406,734436,614468,713532,295617,494672,735766,200898,949
Japan96,607112,257108,733110,457109,040108,551105,287102,019102,449102,425103,957104,006102,788109,075103,723
France50,00759,94868,99370,70272,43173,45673,31472,73371,97270,70069,23468,29467,56069,47165,888
Germany69,73985,12898,512101,238105,639106,118108,118108,479110,726111,427111,308113,492112,179119,604113,976
Italy36,21048,09458,77760,52264,13167,38069,09070,94770,79472,11773,69478,13286,30292,87790,586
Russian Federation32,70734,56234,29436,39736,53238,95344,77951,95761,13768,64177,63090,82094,910100,84284,252
United Kingdom77,96986,34195,15096,41498,68599,85999,811101,175101,572102,027102,782103,938104,648109,939105,584
Brazil12,80022,46041,76044,15648,16650,19752,36753,50455,71959,14363,13066,50670,49073,72767,031
Mexico5,0278,30411,24411,75212,60313,18714,16814,57015,19516,17817,18218,99220,36321,75421,027
Canada34,25347,84556,79357,71659,76260,07560,85961,39261,32461,60263,64864,54765,33269,68469,052
United States306,473390,403413,705426,832430,164432,033434,412436,908437,546440,418447,164451,480457,587472,448457,335
India21,40932,73460,26671,37578,13582,84991,83298,301107,484113,509130,235132,820148,410179,806207,390
South Africa3,9655,2777,6978,3249,1059,65610,32411,14812,18513,02013,47715,14815,74516,09316,651