Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei Darussalam | 506.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Cambodia | 30.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Indonesia | 209.7 | 177.7 | 214.1 | 215.2 | 387.2 | 395.3 | ||||||||||
| Korea, Rep. | 2,324.1 | 3,763.2 | 5,429.4 | 5,908.8 | 6,393.3 | 6,457.9 | 6,867.3 | 7,020.4 | 7,057.2 | 7,453.2 | 7,918.5 | 8,329.0 | 8,620.0 | 9,071.5 | 9,434.8 | |
| Malaysia | 283.0 | 1,452.7 | 1,633.9 | 1,769.9 | 2,016.0 | 2,256.6 | 2,334.1 | 2,110.4 | 711.5 | |||||||
| Mongolia | 332.4 | 681.4 | 535.4 | |||||||||||||
| Myanmar | 30.0 | 34.1 | 30.4 | 32.8 | 19.1 | 26.4 | 28.0 | |||||||||
| Papua New Guinea | 33.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Philippines | 79.1 | 82.6 | 182.6 | 103.2 | 170.2 | |||||||||||
| Singapore | 4,167.6 | 5,650.6 | 6,368.3 | 6,578.6 | 6,514.1 | 6,735.0 | 6,756.2 | 7,134.9 | 7,052.9 | 6,950.1 | 7,002.5 | 7,509.6 | 7,503.3 | 7,917.0 | ||
| Thailand | 311.9 | 528.6 | 773.8 | 941.8 | 844.1 | 1,179.1 | 1,315.7 | 1,712.2 | 1,744.2 | 2,018.3 | 1,695.8 | 1,863.1 | ||||
| Vietnam | 684.8 | 681.7 | 707.7 | 754.6 | 767.9 | |||||||||||
| Azerbaijan | 1,715.5 | 1,732.4 | 1,743.4 | 1,702.3 | 1,663.3 | |||||||||||
| Belarus | 1,473.4 | 1,439.2 | 1,434.2 | 1,504.4 | ||||||||||||
| Uzbekistan | 665.8 | 638.5 | 551.7 | 582.3 | 520.3 | 514.8 | 509.0 | 504.7 | 513.0 | 502.0 | 482.0 | 422.1 | 426.5 | 523.9 | 543.8 | 542.1 |
| Bolivia | 70.3 | 163.0 | 49.9 | 58.8 | 63.1 | |||||||||||
| Chile | 318.2 | 352.0 | 389.9 | 334.8 | 426.8 | 455.3 | 495.4 | 494.6 | 523.7 | 507.3 | 515.3 | 638.8 | ||||
| Colombia | 58.1 | 59.1 | 70.7 | 91.3 | 90.2 | |||||||||||
| Cuba | 2,054.0 | 2,136.7 | 2,121.9 | 2,099.7 | 2,079.1 | 1,968.3 | ||||||||||
| Dominican Republic | 24.6 | 23.4 | 20.0 | |||||||||||||
| Ecuador | 141.1 | 180.0 | 281.6 | 351.0 | 400.3 | |||||||||||
| Guatemala | 30.0 | 25.3 | 25.3 | 27.5 | 17.8 | 20.8 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 14.5 | 13.3 | 15.0 | 17.3 | 14.5 | |||
| Honduras | 22.3 | 34.4 | 201.9 | 187.8 | ||||||||||||
| Panama | 95.9 | 104.8 | 119.6 | 38.1 | 39.6 | 92.8 | 90.7 | 96.9 | 105.8 | 107.2 | 110.7 | 167.6 | 134.7 | 142.3 | 253.3 | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 496.9 | 543.6 | 460.0 | 604.7 | 539.2 | 492.7 | ||||||||||
| Venezuela, RB | 61.5 | 122.3 | 202.7 | 231.7 | 295.7 | 364.3 | 272.3 | 246.2 | 291.7 | 230.9 | 289.6 | 276.4 | 350.4 | 180.0 | ||
| Algeria | 170.2 | 821.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Bahrain | 384.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | 461.3 | 461.6 | 485.1 | 505.9 | 632.9 | 631.0 | 647.0 | 636.0 | 645.4 | 776.6 | 790.7 | 808.4 | 829.3 | 845.3 | ||
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 712.4 | 667.7 | 650.5 | 789.5 | 1,409.1 | 1,588.4 | 2,239.7 | |||||||||
| Iraq | 420.6 | 429.8 | 66.4 | 63.2 | 62.3 | 102.3 | 107.4 | 118.3 | 136.6 | 164.3 | ||||||
| Jordan | 254.2 | 572.4 | 576.0 | |||||||||||||
| Kuwait | 168.1 | 176.1 | 141.9 | 136.1 | 135.2 | 638.0 | 405.5 | 482.0 | 498.3 | 503.0 | 175.3 | 166.0 | 176.3 | 159.4 | ||
| Morocco | 722.0 | 847.8 | 853.0 | 1,030.1 | 1,083.4 | |||||||||||
| Oman | 172.7 | 180.0 | 132.9 | 182.5 | 222.4 | 250.3 | 251.9 | 296.2 | 382.9 | 374.1 | 332.1 | 383.1 | 655.1 | |||
| Qatar | 647.4 | 643.9 | 585.6 | 947.8 | ||||||||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 512.1 | 794.3 | 958.2 | 1,120.6 | ||||||||||||
| Syrian Arab Republic | 83.0 | 139.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Tunisia | 1,375.5 | 1,420.4 | 1,614.4 | 1,781.9 | 1,795.1 | 1,774.9 | 1,969.1 | 1,919.0 | 1,790.0 | 1,726.2 | 1,644.6 | 1,610.3 | 1,703.9 | |||
| United Arab Emirates | 2,168.4 | 2,509.6 | 2,464.6 | 2,476.6 | 2,581.5 | 2,606.8 | ||||||||||
| West Bank and Gaza | 330.7 | 584.4 | ||||||||||||||
| India | 110.6 | 135.1 | 156.2 | 214.3 | 250.0 | 259.3 | ||||||||||
| Pakistan | 73.2 | 130.1 | 144.4 | 257.7 | 315.0 | 362.4 | 401.4 | 473.7 | ||||||||
| Sri Lanka | 132.7 | 102.8 | 107.0 | 95.9 | 102.4 | 102.9 | 102.2 | 101.1 | 100.8 | 94.5 | ||||||
| Angola | 48.4 | 18.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Botswana | 168.1 | 179.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Burkina Faso | 46.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Burundi | 19.6 | 22.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Cabo Verde | 48.9 | 124.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Chad | 56.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Congo, Rep. | 33.1 | 127.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Cote d'Ivoire | 64.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | 10.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Ethiopia | 20.8 | 41.5 | 43.9 | 89.0 | ||||||||||||
| Ghana | 37.4 | 87.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Kenya | 226.9 | 168.6 | 200.9 | |||||||||||||
| Lesotho | 5.9 | 23.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Madagascar | 14.8 | 46.6 | 50.3 | 49.1 | 23.9 | 29.6 | 32.9 | |||||||||
| Malawi | 50.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Mali | 28.2 | 29.4 | 31.2 | 55.2 | 28.7 | |||||||||||
| Mauritius | 176.9 | 465.5 | 543.6 | 558.2 | 564.3 | 578.6 | 852.7 | |||||||||
| Mozambique | 40.2 | 44.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Namibia | 148.9 | 224.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Niger | 7.5 | 26.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Nigeria | 22.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Rwanda | 15.3 | 13.7 | 58.7 | 133.1 | ||||||||||||
| Senegal | 374.8 | 572.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Seychelles | 146.5 | |||||||||||||||
| South Africa | 351.4 | 359.8 | 382.0 | 401.0 | 430.4 | 427.6 | 466.6 | 482.0 | 516.5 | 500.8 | 479.9 | 460.0 | 454.8 | 444.2 | ||
| Eswatini | 137.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Tanzania | 36.2 | 19.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Gambia, The | 30.0 | 50.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Togo | 32.2 | 33.2 | 33.3 | 34.6 | 36.8 | 35.0 | 31.1 | 37.5 | 46.5 | 45.3 | 44.1 | 43.7 | 43.2 | 41.4 | ||
| Uganda | 39.6 | 28.7 | 12.4 | |||||||||||||
| Zimbabwe | 95.1 |