Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, and include holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets. Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigeria | 1,041,075,804 | 3,089,271,863 | 11,335,787,996 | -9,692,912,667 | 305,848,565 | 11,097,745,203 | -980,099,587 | -8,452,487,761 | -5,853,533,823 | -980,917,731 | 12,241,890,189 | 3,286,180,061 | -4,490,238,393 | -5,047,487,523 | 3,608,654,133 | -3,381,557,620 | -2,754,917,394 | 8,335,870,672 | |
| Qatar | -14,343,681,959 | 16,079,491,580 | 9,064,280,040 | 1,293,541,683 | -5,503,030,191 | -5,634,529,921 | -17,876,652,722 | 15,856,017,138 | 9,379,905,835 | 512,360,930 | 1,111,372,411 | 6,893,410,365 | 3,885,157,657 | 3,007,984,168 | |||||
| Ecuador | 346,126,780 | -5,697,244,585 | 865,473,190 | -1,211,095,148 | 272,491,671 | -581,961,807 | 1,845,806,667 | -420,219,509 | -1,486,034,598 | 1,276,903,416 | -2,356,256,803 | -146,262,004 | -669,800,045 | -1,174,188,949 | 263,115,279 | -1,062,884,113 | -4,075,278,031 | 1,037,726,237 | |
| Saudi Arabia | -5,372,733,249 | 2,664,752,551 | 63,917,819,521 | 35,255,353,156 | 98,980,531,371 | 112,544,772,801 | 69,126,808,917 | 7,477,047,024 | -115,368,863,516 | -80,348,037,688 | -39,919,443,390 | 392,787,040 | 3,047,230,325 | -46,407,549,246 | 2,335,851,622 | 5,674,306,776 | -23,077,741,882 | 925,513,340 | |
| Angola | -1,208,893,872 | 317,847,278 | 1,437,689,164 | 5,558,086,304 | 8,448,917,670 | 3,981,174,408 | 33,091,311 | -3,430,095,248 | -2,693,890,750 | 526,109,717 | -4,873,535,655 | -1,515,475,184 | 472,055,569 | -4,428,395,981 | -1,934,334,746 | 875,874,224 | 828,429,116 | 910,853,540 | |
| Kuwait | -897,392,861 | 2,268,148,048 | 619,332,925 | 610,784,852 | 4,471,279,659 | 3,357,812,342 | 3,355,574,752 | 1,252,628,972 | -2,828,581,752 | 3,049,342,099 | 2,003,060,939 | 3,688,073,672 | 2,756,578,088 | 8,266,942,831 | -3,215,170,591 | 3,705,534,015 | -433,446,731 | -2,961,941,569 | |
| Venezuela, RB | 87,680,000 | 2,475,910,502 | 5,957,840,767 | 5,424,814,035 | -7,939,314,626 | -4,012,503,637 | -846,178,424 | -4,410,019,259 | -609,103,355 | -4,470,138,395 | -6,347,497,086 | ||||||||
| Algeria | -10,402,131 | 16,903,729,032 | 15,207,253,412 | 20,193,892,433 | 12,039,998,089 | 107,288,203 | -5,868,026,717 | -27,347,179,851 | -26,271,624,596 | -21,754,881,842 | -15,841,502,837 | -16,983,944,439 | -16,503,641,825 | -1,515,484,361 | 18,994,513,543 | 6,335,285,329 | |||
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | -324,765,626 | 951,717,540 | |||||||||||||||||
| Iraq | -4,522,799,194 | 5,066,080,836 | 9,924,168,308 | 9,254,790,582 | 9,451,982,575 | -10,963,388,185 | -14,727,163,802 | -9,542,875,231 | 1,875,568,925 | 6,750,098,839 | 9,417,909,234 | -7,074,626,550 | 11,789,500,087 | 23,633,619,868 | 20,065,028,146 | ||||
| Libya | 1,157,802,360 | 5,356,985,451 | 13,839,698,415 | 4,169,899,153 | 3,368,548,332 | 13,408,540,192 | -6,937,473,438 | -21,578,320,477 | -11,851,156,781 | -6,846,114,264 | 2,541,815,204 | 7,215,784,157 | -484,938,586 | -8,013,257,366 | -1,197,529,621 | 7,123,420,314 | 245,337,492 | ||
| Congo, Rep. | -363,853,983 | -243,416,834 | 510,693,884 | 922,728,160 | 1,440,450,015 | -190,221,307 | -508,930,047 | 379,928,833 | -2,229,303,980 | -1,647,957,301 | 513,893,928 | -19,425,980 | -231,599,678 | ||||||
| Equatorial Guinea | -5,702,001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gabon | -268,562,909 | 280,486,620 | 225,887,202 | -123,271,734 | 505,510,662 | 151,475,301 | 533,829,107 | -194,695,791 | -377,877,769 |