Technicians in R&D and equivalent staff are people whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in engineering, physical and life sciences (technicians), or social sciences and humanities (equivalent staff). They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers.
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 819.5 | ||||||||||
| Cambodia | 60.9 | ||||||||||
| Indonesia | 16.3 | 17.5 | 34.7 | ||||||||
| Japan | 619.1 | 558.9 | 582.4 | 559.1 | 512.6 | 513.8 | 537.0 | 522.0 | 502.6 | 520.7 | 524.3 |
| Korea, Rep. | 447.5 | 539.4 | 959.9 | 1,042.4 | 1,152.9 | 1,156.1 | 1,228.2 | 1,212.1 | 1,227.8 | 1,251.1 | 1,311.4 |
| Malaysia | 39.7 | 130.3 | 158.8 | 162.8 | 212.2 | 132.4 | 263.3 | 233.4 | |||
| Myanmar | 18.7 | ||||||||||
| New Zealand | 773.8 | 1,018.4 | 995.9 | 1,040.2 | 1,276.0 | ||||||
| Papua New Guinea | 10.8 | ||||||||||
| Philippines | 10.4 | 12.5 | 28.0 | 17.5 | |||||||
| Singapore | 337.6 | 556.7 | 456.3 | 458.4 | 456.3 | 454.3 | 450.7 | 450.0 | 422.3 | 377.4 | |
| Thailand | 160.8 | 167.6 | 191.3 | 240.7 | 319.8 | 296.9 | |||||
| Vietnam | 71.0 | 65.6 | 71.5 | ||||||||
| Austria | 2,169.0 | 2,373.7 | 2,579.5 | 2,648.1 | |||||||
| Belgium | 1,403.2 | 1,426.6 | 1,316.5 | 1,377.9 | |||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 52.6 | 39.7 | 40.8 | 52.1 | 66.1 | 63.7 | 67.0 | 50.9 | |||
| Bulgaria | 479.2 | 491.5 | 498.9 | 442.2 | |||||||
| Croatia | 395.2 | 601.4 | 600.9 | 621.4 | 617.1 | 659.4 | 676.5 | 745.8 | 638.2 | 714.1 | |
| Cyprus | 279.6 | 366.9 | 257.2 | 256.4 | 236.8 | 236.6 | 264.5 | 257.0 | 271.4 | 325.1 | |
| Czechia | 711.3 | 1,342.6 | 1,515.7 | 1,619.1 | 1,739.6 | 1,788.4 | 1,873.8 | 1,825.2 | 1,828.9 | 1,957.2 | 2,186.4 |
| Denmark | 1,988.6 | 2,260.5 | 2,123.6 | ||||||||
| Estonia | 378.8 | 418.3 | 680.9 | 662.0 | 708.9 | 802.1 | 676.1 | 675.1 | 710.2 | 654.8 | |
| France | 1,720.7 | 1,882.4 | 1,876.4 | 1,874.2 | 1,836.1 | 1,809.3 | 1,798.4 | 1,804.9 | 1,805.5 | ||
| Georgia | 136.6 | 191.6 | 173.3 | 190.9 | 195.4 | 241.6 | |||||
| Germany | 1,159.0 | 1,400.7 | 1,725.5 | 1,733.3 | 1,709.5 | 1,883.2 | 1,909.9 | 1,945.7 | 2,006.7 | ||
| Greece | 752.8 | 585.1 | |||||||||
| Hungary | 505.5 | 455.2 | 601.1 | 657.5 | 708.9 | 787.9 | 696.9 | 727.4 | 641.0 | 770.3 | |
| Iceland | 2,266.9 | 1,868.2 | 1,639.5 | 2,100.9 | 2,371.5 | ||||||
| Ireland | 686.7 | 734.8 | 670.1 | 794.0 | 874.5 | 1,009.2 | 1,045.9 | 1,161.9 | 1,152.0 | 1,164.6 | |
| Kazakhstan | 27.9 | 28.1 | 64.1 | 176.9 | 184.0 | 161.8 | 149.2 | 123.8 | 123.9 | ||
| Latvia | 266.3 | 471.6 | 431.8 | 391.2 | |||||||
| Lithuania | 506.6 | 429.4 | 541.3 | 462.5 | |||||||
| Luxembourg | 3,402.5 | 3,362.8 | 3,289.3 | 2,954.3 | 2,941.3 | 3,094.0 | 3,285.5 | 3,109.1 | 3,166.0 | ||
| North Macedonia | 114.5 | 81.5 | 82.0 | 59.6 | 109.3 | 53.3 | 67.8 | 74.4 | 85.0 | 91.9 | 91.1 |
| Moldova | 93.0 | 80.6 | 66.3 | 65.7 | 73.6 | 68.6 | 67.5 | 73.5 | 70.8 | 60.4 | |
| Monaco | 147.7 | ||||||||||
| Montenegro | 103.3 | 102.2 | 202.7 | 129.4 | 175.4 | 156.2 | |||||
| Netherlands | 1,514.3 | 1,421.4 | 1,326.4 | 2,037.7 | |||||||
| Poland | 354.0 | 233.2 | 285.4 | 359.8 | 420.6 | 384.7 | 438.5 | 443.6 | 399.8 | 415.3 | |
| Portugal | 259.9 | 277.7 | 377.9 | 339.9 | 338.2 | 742.3 | 709.2 | 752.8 | 701.0 | 780.1 | |
| Romania | 292.8 | 233.4 | 153.3 | 252.4 | 251.9 | 248.0 | 225.1 | 267.4 | 275.4 | 278.8 | |
| Russian Federation | 570.3 | 516.8 | 474.2 | 490.5 | 475.2 | 483.3 | 496.6 | 483.6 | 460.9 | 451.2 | 437.8 |
| Serbia | 334.8 | 300.0 | 312.5 | 324.7 | 350.8 | 420.3 | 430.9 | 410.8 | 412.0 | ||
| Slovak Republic | 666.2 | 415.8 | 386.2 | 355.0 | 383.9 | 329.4 | 366.5 | 389.2 | 412.1 | 484.1 | 520.6 |
| Slovenia | 1,616.4 | 1,413.6 | 1,922.3 | 2,459.4 | 2,313.1 | 2,522.9 | 2,392.3 | 2,399.6 | 2,373.9 | 1,814.2 | |
| Spain | 627.6 | 906.5 | 1,293.3 | 1,243.6 | 1,233.0 | 1,210.8 | 1,163.1 | 1,189.6 | 1,189.2 | 1,264.9 | |
| Sweden | 2,027.5 | ||||||||||
| Switzerland | 2,320.9 | 2,682.8 | 2,935.2 | 2,619.7 | |||||||
| Turkiye | 37.3 | 70.0 | 143.1 | 172.3 | 190.0 | 198.0 | 208.3 | 220.5 | 316.2 | 353.7 | |
| Ukraine | 285.0 | 262.5 | 238.1 | 216.6 | 190.8 | 186.7 | 178.1 | 159.6 | 150.1 | ||
| United Kingdom | 688.3 | 934.3 | 1,140.1 | 1,061.3 | 1,188.2 | 1,255.5 | 1,350.0 | 1,305.4 | |||
| Uzbekistan | 83.5 | 66.6 | 58.5 | 61.1 | 57.3 | 58.5 | 59.3 | 62.3 | 45.7 | 48.1 | |
| Argentina | 158.3 | 200.2 | 247.5 | 272.5 | 307.2 | 320.7 | 318.8 | 326.1 | 328.6 | 349.5 | 398.1 |
| Bolivia | 25.6 | ||||||||||
| Brazil | 335.9 | 497.1 | 754.6 | 809.7 | 863.9 | 917.3 | 969.9 | ||||
| Chile | 229.1 | 268.7 | 308.3 | 272.5 | 313.7 | 284.7 | 296.7 | 303.5 | |||
| Ecuador | 68.6 | 77.2 | 83.5 | 78.6 | 90.0 | ||||||
| El Salvador | 14.0 | 12.5 | 21.6 | ||||||||
| Guatemala | 10.6 | 18.7 | 14.3 | 18.1 | 23.1 | 26.4 | 25.6 | 26.7 | 20.4 | 11.0 | |
| Honduras | 10.0 | ||||||||||
| Mexico | 95.3 | 243.3 | 182.0 | 184.9 | 142.7 | 137.6 | 115.6 | 120.9 | 140.3 | ||
| Panama | 45.6 | 92.8 | 155.1 | ||||||||
| Paraguay | 12.5 | 77.5 | 40.2 | 46.3 | |||||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 278.2 | 268.4 | |||||||||
| Algeria | 34.2 | 41.9 | |||||||||
| Bahrain | 17.2 | ||||||||||
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | 250.8 | 259.8 | 267.2 | 272.8 | 351.6 | 343.9 | 336.6 | 371.2 | 369.6 | ||
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 187.8 | 189.0 | 160.6 | 496.8 | |||||||
| Iraq | 64.8 | 63.1 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 19.3 | 23.0 | ||||
| Jordan | 108.9 | ||||||||||
| Kuwait | 39.6 | 42.3 | 29.1 | 30.0 | 19.7 | 62.0 | 54.8 | 48.5 | 50.9 | 45.2 | |
| Malta | 548.6 | 808.7 | 974.4 | 912.7 | 807.2 | 948.4 | 765.8 | 743.0 | 886.0 | ||
| Morocco | 52.5 | 51.8 | 42.5 | 41.4 | 40.3 | ||||||
| Oman | 117.1 | 55.4 | 52.6 | 42.6 | 52.4 | 23.0 | 42.8 | 32.8 | |||
| Qatar | 179.6 | 390.5 | 397.1 | ||||||||
| Syrian Arab Republic | 68.0 | ||||||||||
| Tunisia | 46.9 | 50.0 | 51.0 | 61.4 | 58.8 | 63.5 | 63.4 | 61.7 | |||
| United Arab Emirates | 889.5 | ||||||||||
| Canada | 1,240.7 | 1,642.3 | 1,520.8 | 1,555.0 | 1,369.9 | 1,378.3 | 1,353.0 | 1,455.6 | 1,247.8 | 1,268.4 | |
| India | 85.2 | 92.2 | 100.6 | 95.5 | 73.1 | ||||||
| Pakistan | 40.4 | 56.2 | 68.4 | 67.4 | 31.8 | ||||||
| Sri Lanka | 91.4 | 60.9 | 82.7 | 74.7 | |||||||
| Angola | 35.4 | 5.2 | |||||||||
| Botswana | 72.6 | 125.1 | |||||||||
| Burkina Faso | 37.1 | ||||||||||
| Burundi | 17.6 | 6.6 | |||||||||
| Cabo Verde | 8.0 | 40.5 | |||||||||
| Chad | 8.3 | ||||||||||
| Congo, Rep. | 35.5 | ||||||||||
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | 6.7 | ||||||||||
| Ethiopia | 10.2 | 16.4 | 33.1 | 33.3 | |||||||
| Ghana | 29.5 | 28.7 | |||||||||
| Kenya | 627.7 | ||||||||||
| Lesotho | 0.9 | 6.9 | |||||||||
| Madagascar | 46.3 | 10.6 | 15.4 | 16.5 | 19.4 | 10.8 | 12.6 | ||||
| Malawi | 60.0 | ||||||||||
| Mali | 22.8 | 18.5 | 23.8 | ||||||||
| Mauritius | 54.4 | 130.3 | |||||||||
| Mozambique | 46.4 | 26.7 | |||||||||
| Namibia | 66.1 | ||||||||||
| Niger | 10.1 | 8.5 | |||||||||
| Rwanda | 5.3 | 5.7 | |||||||||
| Senegal | 34.8 | 36.9 | |||||||||
| Seychelles | 597.9 | ||||||||||
| South Africa | 109.6 | 105.6 | 107.0 | 124.6 | 128.6 | 141.7 | 138.8 | 134.6 | 129.5 | ||
| Eswatini | 36.0 | ||||||||||
| Tanzania | 10.6 | 6.2 | |||||||||
| Gambia, The | 398.8 | 88.8 | |||||||||
| Togo | 22.5 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.6 | ||
| Uganda | 13.8 | 10.8 | |||||||||
| Zimbabwe | 10.7 |