The reported number of new cases of COVID-19 has a major drawback: it cannot capture the current dynamics of the outbreak, i.e. answer if the outbreak is increasing or decreasing at any given moment in any given place. The delay between time of infection and positive case reported is the culprit in these case statistics. EpiForecasts, a team that is based at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine who focuses on real-time modeling and forecasting of infectious disease outbreaks, seeks to identify changes in the reproduction numbers of COVID-19, accounting specifically for delays in case reporting.

  • The COVID-19 reproduction rate from EpiForecasts is the average number of secondary infections generated by each new infectious case. In other words, it shows how easily the virus is spreading.  Of note, the reproduction rates are calculated based on existing COVID-19 data and models, not observation samples.
  • A reproduction rate of higher than one indicates that the number of cases is likely to increase exponentially. A reproduction level of lower than one indicates that the virus will eventually peter out.
  • According to EpiForecasts, as of June 25, 61 countries out of 92* had a reproduction number above one and 38 countries saw an increase in this number compared to a month ago. Germany saw the third-worst increase in the reproduction rate in the world during the previous month. Now, this figure has reached 1.3, which is the seventh highest in the world.

Variations in transmission intensity over time also provide a lens through which we can assess the influence of government measures on curbing the spread of the virus. Unfortunately, here we see EpiForcasts estimates and government responses aligning. For example, Germany not only is experiencing a rapid increase in the reproduction rate, but Germany's government started in mid-April to phase out social distancing and movement restrictions measures.

 

*Only countries with at least 60 cases reported in a single day are included in the EpiForecast estimates.

Coronavirus Data and Insights

Live data and insights on Coronavirus around the world, including detailed statistics for the US, EU, and China — confirmed and recovered cases, deaths, alternative data on economic activities, customer behavior, supply chains, and more.

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