Berlin - R&D expenditures as percentage of gross domestic product

3.54 (% of GDP) in 2015

In 2015, R&D expenditures as % of GDP for Berlin was 3.54 % of GDP. Though Berlin R&D expenditures as % of GDP fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2003 - 2015 period ending at 3.54 % of GDP in 2015.

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What is Berlin R&D expenditures as % of GDP?