In 2021, R&D expenditure for Italy was 1.5 %. R&D expenditure of Italy increased from 1.1 % in 2002 to 1.5 % in 2021 growing at an average annual rate of 1.60%.
The description is composed by our digital data assistant.Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.