International Energy Agency

World Electricity access database Hundreds of millions of people have gained access to modern energy over the last two decades, especially in China and India. Rapid economic development in several developing countries, increasing urbanisation and ongoing energy access programmes have been important factors in this achievement. The IEA Access to Energy database provides a snapshot of progress made toward meeting the ultimate goal of universal access. Note: For indicator population without access, value 1 represent <1 except Botswana, Guatemala countries

Please refer metadata information related to this dataset pulled from CUPID database - https://datapipeline.knoema.com/jlwqreb/lme-closing-price-last-trading-price-metadata-from-cupid

Key World Energy Statistics contains timely, clearly presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources for the main regions of the world, in addition to energy indicators, energy balances, prices, RDD and CO2 emissions as well as energy forecasts.

Data is collected from central or federal government budgets, as well as the budgets of state-owned companies, for spending on a range of sectors including energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear power, fossil fuels, hydrogen and fuel cells, and more. All figures refer to total public energy RD&D expenditure data, converted from current prices in national currencies to US dollar PPPs in constant 2022 prices, using GDP deflators and 2022 PPPs. Note- 2022 and 2023 data are estimation by the countries

This dataset includes world and regional investment data for supply (fossil fuels, renewables, electricity networks, other) and end-use (energy efficiency, renewables and other)

IEA member countries’ closing oil stock levels in days of net imports monthly data. Each IEA member country, excluding net exporters (Canada, Denmark and Norway), has an obligation to have oil stock levels that equate to no less than 90 days of net imports. The IEA minimum stockholding obligation is based on net imports of all oil, including both primary products (such as crude oil, natural gas liquids [NGLs]) and refined products. It does not cover naphtha and volumes of oil used for international marine bunkers. The 90-day commitment of each IEA member country is based on average daily net imports of the previous calendar year. This commitment can be met through both stocks held exclusively for emergency purposes and stocks held for commercial or operational use, including stocks held at refineries, at port facilities, and in tankers in ports. The obligation specifies several types of stocks that cannot be counted toward the commitment, including military stocks, volumes in tankers at sea, in pipelines or at service stations, or amounts held by end-consumers (tertiary stocks). It also does not include crude oil not yet produced. Member countries can arrange to store oil outside of their national boundaries and include such stocks in meeting their minimum requirement. This option is particularly important for countries in which storage capacity constraints or supply logistics make domestic storage insufficient. To exercise this option and count the stocks held abroad toward the obligation, the governments involved must have bilateral agreements assuring unconditional access to the stocks in an emergency. When evaluating a country's compliance with the 90-day obligation, the IEA applies a 10% deduction to its total stocks, net any oil held under bilateral agreements. This accounts for any volumes that are technically unavailable (such as tank bottoms).

Data Cited at: IEA (2021), Net Zero by 2050, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050 Definitional note: A.1. Energy supply and transformation table Total energy supply (TES) is equivalent to electricity and heat generation plus “other energy sector” excluding electricity and heat, plus total final consumption (TFC) excluding electricity and heat. TES does not include ambient heat from heat pumps or the electricity trade. Solar in TES includes solar PV generation, concentrating solar power and final consumption of solar thermal. Other renewables in TES include geothermal, and marine (tide and wave) energy for electricity and heat generation. Hydrogen production and biofuels production in the other energy sector account for the energy input required to produce merchant hydrogen (mainly natural gas and electricity) and for the conversion losses to produce biofuels (mainly primary solid biomass) used in the energy sector. While not itemized separately, non- renewable waste and other sources are included in TES. Definitional note: A.2. Energy demand table Sectors comprising total final consumption (TFC) include industry (energy use and feedstock), transport, buildings (residential, services and non-specified other) and other (agriculture and other non-energy use). Energy demand from international marine and aviation bunkers are included in transport totals.   Definitional note: A.3. Electricity tables Electricity generation expressed in terawatt‐hours (TWh) and installed electrical capacity data expressed in gigawatts (GW) are both provided on a gross basis (ie includes own use by the generator). Projected gross electrical capacity is the sum of existing capacity and additions, less retirements. While not itemized separately, other sources are included in total electricity generation.

The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. IEA (2023),  Oil Market Report - December 2023 , IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-december-2023

Japan: International Energy Agency Statistics published by the IEA with a breakdown of electricity and heat production in Japan.