United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNCTAD's Bilateral FDI Statistics provides up-to-date and systematic FDI data for 206 economies around the world, covering inflows (table 1), outflows (table 2), inward stock (table 3) and outward stock (table 4) by region and economy. Data are in principle collected from national sources. In order to cover the entire world, where data are not available from national sources, data from partner countries (mirror data) as well as from other international organizations have also been used.

This table shows exchange rates for currencies used in over 190 world economies presented in a cross rates layout where countries are presented in both rows and columns. National currency per US dollars exchange rates are used to derive explicit exchange rates for each of the countries presented with regard to any other country. Country series are consistent over time: for example, a conversion was made from national currency to Euro for the Euro Zone economies for all years prior to the adoption of Euro.

This table presents annual statistics on international trade in services of individual economies by some 100 service categories for trade-partner “World total”. It further contains aggregated figures for various groups of economies for selected principal service categories. The data presented are the result of the common work of UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

This table presents information on the external long-term indebtedness of developing economies (as debtors), expressed in millions of dollars, expressed as percentage of total long-term debt, as percentage of debt source and as percentage of region. The table also provides breakdown of public and publicly guaranteed debt by source of lending (as creditors).

This dataset contains information on foreign direct investment (FDI) inward and outward flows and stock, expressed in millions of dollars. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment made by a resident enterprise in one economy (direct investor or parent enterprise) with the objective of establishing a lasting interest in an enterprise that is resident in another economy (direct investment enterprise or foreign affiliate). The lasting interest implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise and a significant degree of influence on the management of the enterprise. The ownership of 10% or more of the voting power of a direct investment enterprise by a direct investor is evidence of such a relationship. FDI flows comprise mainly three components:acquisition or disposal of equity capital. FDI includes the initial equity transaction that meets the 10% threshold and all subsequent financial transactions and positions between the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise;reinvestment of earnings which are not distributed as dividends;inter-company debt.   FDI flows are transactions recorded during the reference period (typically year or quarter). FDI stocks are the accumulated value held at the end of the reference period (typically year or quarter). In 2014, many countries implemented the new guidelines for the compilation of FDI data based on the Sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) and the Fourth edition of OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment (BD4). One of the major changes introduced in BPM6 and BD4 is the presentation of FDI statistics on an asset/liability basis instead of the directional principle (as recommended by the previous editions of these guidelines). On an asset/liability basis, direct investment statistics are organized according to whether the investment relates to an asset or a liability for the reporting country. Under the directional principle, the direct investment statistics are organized according to the direction of the investment for the reporting country - either inward or outward. The two presentations differ in their treatment of reverse investment (reverse investment is when an affiliate provides loans to its parent). Under the directional presentation, reverse investment is subtracted to derive the total outward or inward investment of the reporting economy. Therefore, FDI statistics on an asset/liability basis tends to be higher than those under the directional principle, but such is not always the case. While the presentation on an asset/liability basis is appropriate for macroeconomic analysis (i.e. the impact on the balance of payments), the presentation on directional principle is more appropriate to assist policymakers and government officials to formulate investment policies. This is because the presentation of the FDI data on directional basis reflects the direction of influence by the foreign direct investor underlying the direct investment: inward or outward direct investment. FDI data in this table are on directional principle, unless otherwise indicated.

This dataset provides information on gross domestic product (GDP), total and per capita at current and constant (2010) prices also it contains annual average growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP), total and per capita, in per cent. The total GDP is expressed in millions of dollars, while GDP per capita is expressed in dollars.

This table shows exports, imports and sum/average of exports and imports as percentage of nominal gross domestic product (GDP). The indicators are calculated for trade in goods, trade in services and total trade in goods and services.

Time series on international reserves (including gold), by individual country, expressed in millions of dollars. It further presents the number of months of merchandise imports that these reserves could finance at current imports level, as well as annual changes in total reserves.

This table presents merchandise trade complementarity index which assesses the suitability of preferential trade agreement between two economies given the structure of one potential partners’ exports match the imports of the other potential partner. Changes over time may indicate whether the trade profiles are becoming more or less compatible.

Merchandise: Trade value, volume, unit value, terms of trade indices and purchasing power index of exportsThis dataset contains export and import volume indices, rounding out trade value. Export and import unit value indices, derived terms of trade and purchasing power of exports indices are also provided in various base and reference years (2000, 2010 and 2015).The value index is the current value of exports (FOB) or imports (CIF) converted to United States dollars and expressed in percentage. The volume index is derived as the percentage ratio of the export or import value index to the corresponding unit value index (value index / unit value index *100) unless otherwise noted at country level.The weights used for the calculation of the indices correspond to base year 2000. For convenience, and to facilitate international comparisons, the series have been rescaled to new references 2010=100 and 2015=100.

This Dataset presents merchandise trade by trading partner and product based on the SITC commodity classification, Revision 3, at the one- and two-digit level, expressed in thousands of United States dollars. The data are also summarized by group of economies, for both reporting economy and trading partner, and by broader product groups.

This Dataset presents product concentration and diversification indices.  The diversification index indicates whether the structure of exports or imports by product of a given country or country group differs from the world pattern. The product concentration index shows how exports and imports of individual countries or country groups are concentrated on a few products or otherwise distributed in a more homogeneous manner among a series of products.

This table shows the value of total merchandise exports and imports, expressed in millions of United States dollars and percentages of the world total.

This table gives information on official financial flows by type and sources. It is further broken down by individual country, geographical region and economic grouping (as recipients); and expressed in millions of dollars, as percentage of total flows and as percentage of region.

This Dataset presents time series on receipts and payments of personal remittances in millions of dollars. These data are also shown as percentage of exports (receipts) and imports (payments) of goods and services, and as percentage of GDP. Personal remittances, as defined in this table, comply with the guidelines of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6) (IMF 2009, Appendix 5). They are the sum of two items: (1.) compensation of employees, defined as the income of workers employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by non-resident employers; (2.) personal (current) transfers, defined as current transfers in kind or in cash, between resident and non-resident households (ibid., A5.5-7). A broader definition of personal remittances would include also capital transfers between resident and non-resident households (ibid., A5.10-13). However, data coverage for capital transfers is much sparser than for the two items above, as compilation of this item by countries is voluntary in the context of the balance of payment statistics. Therefore, capital transfers between resident and non-resident households are reported in this table separately. The main source of personal remittances data is World Bank. In cases of missing data, data from IMF or Economic Intelligence Unit have been imputed. Capital transfers data have been taken from IMF.

PCI is calculated as a geometric average of eight domains or categories, namely, ICTs, structural change, natural capital, human capital, energy, transport, the private sector and institutions

This Dataset contains new preliminary annual estimates on international trade in services, based on the most recent quarterly figures. The underlying sources and methodology are different to previously used by UNCTAD and those used in the table containing the longer series of annual trade-in-services statistics. Consequently, the two data sets should not be merged or used interchangeably. The preliminary figures and derived growth rates included in this new series should be given priority as they are more up-to-date. However, users are advised that when the final annual data are published in May, these should be treated as the definitive series. The data in the table entitled "Services (BPM6): Exports and imports by service-category and by trade-partner” are kept on the web for users who require information on detailed services' sub-items or longer time-series.

This table presents annual statistics on international trade in services of individual economies by trading partner and by 78 selected service categories. In addition, the table contains data for services trade of various groups of economies with "world" and for selected principal service categories. The data presented are the result of the common work of UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization (WTO), in cooperation with the International Trade Center (ITC) and the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).

Estimates and forecasts on labour force data: (1) Total labour force and female labour force, expressed in thousands (2) Total agriculture labour force and female labour force, expressed in thousands.

Country rank and value in the UNCTAD B2C E-commerce Index. Methodology: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tn_unctad_ict4d17_en.pdf  

The dataset is set of three datasets:  UNCTADGDPDNI2022 UNCTADMTS2021 UNCTPAE2020 This table is a compilation of statistics of trade in goods and services as reported in the Balance of Payments. The conceptual framework used for the compilation is based on the IMF Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5, 1993). Notes: The statistics presented correspond to the concepts and definitions of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6), except those countries and territories who present their figures according to the fifth edition of the Manual (BPM5). Exports and imports of goods and services are credits and debits of goods and services as reported in the current account of the balance of payments.  Goods include general merchandise on a BOP basis, goods under "merchanting" and nonmonetary gold. In order for a transaction to be recorded under "goods", a change of ownership from/to a resident of a local country to/from a non-resident in a foreign country has to take place.  BOP-based statistics of trade in goods (change of ownership principle between residents and non-residents) are usually not comparable to IMTS-based merchandise trade data (physical border crossing principle) due to differences in the concepts and definitions. In some countries, the differences may be quite significant. Trade in services results from intangible actions such as transportation, travel, maintenance and repairs, business services, royalties or licensing.  Estimated individual countries figures are included in geographical regions or economic groupings calculation but not always shown separately. 

The table presents the latest quarterly statistics for total services exports and imports, in millions of dollars, for individual countries, for which the data are available. Quarterly figures for commercial services, which exclude government services, are included as a memo item. Also shown are the year-on-year percentage changes. The data presented are the result of the common work of World Trade Organization (WTO) and UNCTAD, and are published simultaneously by both organizations. (WTO statistics database)

This table provides estimates from 1950 to 2021 and projections (medium fertility variant) from 2022 to 2050 of total population and urban population, expressed in thousands and as a percentage of total population, respectively. Population refers to de facto population in a country, area or region as of 1 July of the indicated year. Sources:UN DESA Population Division, World Population Prospects 2022UN DESA Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects 2018Eurostat for Republic of Cyprus (1975 - 2050) and Ukraine (2015 – 2022)UNCTAD secretariat estimates Notes: The figures for certain groups may differ from those published by above mentioned sources, where UNCTAD definitions for the groups are different.