United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources. Definition: The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories: (a) paid employment: (a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind; (a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job; (b) self-employment: (b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; (b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). The occupation groups correspond to first-level categories in the 2008 version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). For the EU and EFTA member-states the year of transition from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 is 2011. For other countries please see Country footnotes. The transition to ISCO-08 could entail a break in time series. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above. .. - data not availableCountry: AlbaniaFrom 2010 occupational groups according to ISCO-08.Country: Armenia Break in methodlogy (2014): since 2014 data refer to the population aged 15-75 and are based on the Labour Force Survey.2001: data come from Population Census.Country: AzerbaijanData compiled according to ISCO-08.Country: Azerbaijan Data are based on administrative registers.Country: BelarusData compiled according to ISCO-88Country: Belarus 2000 : data refer to 1999 and come from Population Census.Country: Belgium 1980 : data refer to 1983.Country: Bosnia and HerzegovinaFrom year 2006 to 2010 data compiling using ISCO 88, from 2011 using ISCO 08.Country: Bulgaria 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: CanadaChange in definition (1990 onwards): Data are annual averages. Cells with 0 are estimates with less than 1,500 employed.Country: CanadaData do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk )Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Estonia 1990 and 1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74.Country: Finland Data refer to the population aged 15-74.Country: France Since 2014, data include also the French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion), with the exception of Mayotte.Country: Georgia Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: Germany 1980 : data refer to 1983.Country: Iceland Data refer to the population aged 16-74. 1990 : data refer to 1991.Country: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdfCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.fCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdfCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdfCountry: IsraelChange in definition (2000 - 2012): Changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdfCountry: IsraelChange in definition (2013): Changes in the Standard Classification of Occupations based on ISCO-08; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/occupations_class11/pd--f/draft_h.pdf (draft, Hebrew only)Country: KyrgyzstanUp to 2015 ISCO-88 has been usedCountry: Latvia 1995 : data refer to 1996.Country: Lithuania 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: Moldova, Republic ofData exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of BenderCountry: Portugal 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Russian FederationChange in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 yearsCountry: Russian FederationTerritorial change (1995 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen RepublicCountry: SerbiaData do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Starting in 2013 data compiled according ISCO-08.Country: Slovakia 1995 : the persons working in the armed forces are counted in the other groups.Country: Sweden Data refer to the population aged 16-64.Country: Switzerland 1990 : data refer to 1991.Country: UkraineChange in definition (2000 - 2012): Distribution by institutional sectors of the economy based on the assessment carried out in accordance with the National Classification of Occupations developed on the basis of ISCO 88.Country: UkraineTerritorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.Country: United Kingdom Data refer to the population aged 16+.Country: United States Data refer to the population aged 16+. Data do not cover the armed forces. Occupation groups : 'Professionals' includes 'Technicians and associate professionals'; 'Craft and related workers' includes 'Plant machine operators and assemblers'.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: The employed are all the persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories: (a) paid employment: (a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind; (a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job; (b) self-employment: (b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; (b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). The private sector covers private corporations (including those in foreign control), households and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISHs). The public sector covers all sub-sectors of general government (mainly central, state and local government units, together with social security funds imposed and controlled by those units) and public corporations, i.e. corporations which are subject to control by government units (usually defined by the government owning the majority of shares). General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above. .. - data not available Country: Armenia 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Break in methodlogy (2008): since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75. Break in methodlogy(2001, 2002): For the periods of 1980-2000 and 2002-2006 data on employment are based on integrated data received from various sources. For 2001 data are from Population Census. Break in methodlogy (2007): From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Break in methodlogy (2014): Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Azerbaijan Data are based on Population Census, establishment survey and registers Country: Belarus Data are based on administrative registers. Data for private sector include corporations with mixed ownership. 2010: changes in methodology Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Additional information (1990 - 2008): Data are based on administrative records and related sources Country: Bulgaria Change in definition (2003 - 2012): Annual average data Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993 (September). Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of the corresponding year Country: Canada Data for not stated refers to self-employed. Country: Croatia Data given for 2009 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years. Country: Cyprus Change in definition (1980 - 2008): Data refer to full-time equivalent (FTE) employment. Data are based on official estimates Country: Cyprus Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Cyprus Territorial change (1980 - 2008): Data cover the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus Country: Czechia Break in methodlogy (1990 - 2008): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers Country: Denmark Data are based on administrative records and related sources Country: France Reference area: Metropolitan France Country: France Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers Country: Georgia Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Germany Additional information (1995 - 2007): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. Country: Hungary Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers. Private sector : data include corporations with mixed ownership. Country: Ireland Data are based on administrative registers. 2008 : break in series due to change in methodology. The series previously published up to 2008 was derived from the Quarterly Public Sector inquiry (QPI). The data from 2008,2009 and 2010 is now generated from the Earnings,Hours and Employment Cost Survey (EHECS)There are different methodologies used in both.They are as follows: The QPI was data generated from one reference period in the quarter.The EHECS survey is an average over the full quarter. The QPI had some whole time equivalents in the data ,EHECS uses a head count. The data from EHECS will therefore be higher Country: Israel Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data on public sector refer to General Government only. Country: Italy Additional information (1990 - 2008): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers Country: Kyrgyzstan Additional information (1995 - onwards): Data for private sector are obtained by subtracting the number of employed in public sector from the total number of employed. Country: Latvia Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Data refer to the population aged 15+. Country: Latvia Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Data refer to the population aged 15-74. Country: Latvia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996. Country: Luxembourg Change in definition (1990 - 2008): There is no sector variable in the LFS. The public sector is defined as the sum of the NACE rev1 sections L and M Country: Luxembourg Change in definition (2009 - 2012): There is no sector variable in the LFS. The public sector is defined as the sum of the NACE rev2 sections O and P Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1983 Country: Poland Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months). Country: Romania Mixed sector - included in ''private sector'' for years 2007 onward; for year 1995-2006 mixed sector is included in the ''sector not stated'' row. Break in series starting with year 2009. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For years 2009-2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers. Country: Slovenia Data come from the Slovenian Statistical Register of Employment and cover persons who hold paid employment, self-empoyed persons who have compulsory social insurance and trainees. Data do not cover persons working abroad. Country: Sweden Break in methodlogy (2004 - 2005): For "Employment Public/private sector not stated" persons working abroad are included in 2005 and forward but seen as outside the labor force in 2004 and before. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Sector not stated : data include trainees. Country: Switzerland Reference period (2000 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Tajikistan Change in definition (2004): Data include working migrants Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine For 2000-2011 data compiled according ISIC 3 Rev.1, since 2012 ISIC 4 is in use Country: Ukraine Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD) official sources. Growth rates (per cent) for original data are calculated over the same period of previous year. For seasonally adjusted data growth rates are calculated over the previous period. For annual data growth rates are calculated over the previous year. .. - data not availableIndicatorIndustrial Production index, 2010=100 The industrial production index (IPI) measures real output and is expressed as a percentage of real output in a base year. IPI covers production output in mining, manufacturing and public utilities (electricity, gas and water), but excludes construction.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Geographical Coverage: Until 2005 refers to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France do not include the overseas departments (DOM).Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: Ireland Industrial Production Index: Due to unavailable original time series, indices adjusted for differences in number of working days are provided.Country: IsraelDesignation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.Country: Russian Federation Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija.Country: Ukraine Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not include all territory of Ukraine.