October 2017 - The water system of Brownsville, Texas, with one of the highest poverty rates in the US, is the largest US water utilities with the worst water quality. Testing in 2015 revealed 12 contaminants above established health guidelines. Among those contaminants, the highest abnormality was arsenic, a naturally occurring mineral that causes bladder, lung and skin cancer, as well as harm to the skin and lungs. Arsenic levels in Brownsville's water supply—serving 176,000 people—were 700 times greater than established health guidelines.

  • The data comes from the Environmental Working Group (EWG) which compiled 28 million water records collected from about 50,000 water utilities that serve a total of 280 million Americans, or nearly 90 percent of the US population.
  • In contrast to Brownsville, the Massapequa Water District in New York, serving 43,000 people, is the largest among the 26 water utilities for which no contaminants were detected above health guidelines.

While most of the detected contaminants were at legal levels, these levels still pose health risks, according to authoritative scientific studies. About 81 percent of US water systems contain pollutants linked to cancer, according to EGW. In addition, 77 percent of Americans drink water containing hexavalent chromium—linked to liver and the reproductive system damage—while lead was detected at levels that may be harmful to children at 19,000 water utilities.

  • US farming practices pose another potential threat to US water safety. About 7 million Americans drink water containing an unsafe amount of nitrate, a fertilizer used mostly in corn planting in the US and one of the most common contaminants in drinking water. 
  • Of those exposed, 700,000 live in Iowa, the largest producer of corn in the US, according to 2017 data from USDA. In Iowa, 13.5 million acres (38% of the state's land area) are planted with corn, with about 95 percent of the area fertilized by nitrogen.

The distinction between legal and healthy levels of contaminants is worth the attention of every citizen that relies on piped drinking water. Recent headlines from Flint, Michigan, clearly could emerge from many water utility areas around the US. As mentioned, Iowa is a useful case example. 

  • The water system of Des Monies, Iowa, has one of the highest levels of nitrate in the country—nearly 42 percent above health guidelines—and serves 233,000 people. At such levels, nitrate may cause bladder cancer as well as harm to fetal growth and child development. Iowa already has the 11th highest rate of bladder cancer among men at 40 cases per 100,000 male residents in 2016. 
  • Moreover, in 2012, 131 infant deaths per 100,000 live births in Iowa were caused by birth defects, slightly higher than the US average of 127 deaths per 100,000 live births.

Related Insights from Knoema

US Population by Age and Generation in 2020

Gen-Z has overtaken Millennials by nearly 4 million to become the largest generation in the United States. Baby Boomers are the third-largest generation with the population of 69 million persons in 2020. With a current population of around 86 million, the Gen-Z generation is expected to grow to 88 million over the next 20 years because of migration, according to the United Nations' latest World Population Prospects. The boundaries that define generations are not universally agreed, and yet these boundaries carry important implications in business and government. The size,...

Top Vehicle Manufacturers in the US Market, 1961-2016

Over the last three years, car sales in the US market have set new all-time records and included a collection of manufacturers that extends well beyond the American classics. In 2015, vehicle sales in the US reached nearly 17.5 million units, a growth of 5.7 percent from 2014 and 25,000 more vehicles than the record setting sales in 2005. The year 2000 marked a turning point in the US auto industry: it was the last year that General Motors and Ford Motor Company combined made up at least 50 percent of the US market share. GM’s share of the US market has decreased almost 3 times...

Active Hate Groups in the United States, 2003-2015

In 2015, at least 892 "hate" groups were operating throughout the United States, according to Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). This represents a 14 percent increase from the 784 groups recorded a year before. Still, the current figures are lower than the all-time high in 2011 as traditional organised extremism continues to shrink in favor of collective and individual cyber-based activism. The SPLC defines a hate group as an organised movement that has beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people based on religion, race, sexual orientation, gender,...

Coronavirus and the US Consumer by Prosper Insights & Analytics

Prosper Insights & Analytics has 18 years of experience producing market leading monthly survey-based research of consumers' overall confidence. In its most recent survey, Prosper asked consumers about their concerns with regard to the coronavirus pandemic and the related cancellation of major events. You can explore Prosper's latest findings in depth below, but we'll give the spoiler: 82% of US consumers expressed one form of concern or another and believe that they will somehow experience direct consequences of the pandemic. Moreover, for the first time in six months there is...