(September 2019)  Pork prices in China have increased 82 percent over the last year, presenting an unconventional potential threat to the monetary easing policy Beijing announced earlier this month.​ According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, the growth rate of pork prices is accelerating: before this month's wild increase, the average price of pork jumped 19.3 percent year-on-year in July and 47.6 percent in August as the African swine flu ​outbreak ​further diminished pig stocks to only 39 percent of the​ inventory one year ago.

  • Prices for other meats​,​ such as beef and lamb​,​ have also​ increas​​​​​ed this year—though to ​lesser extent than pork—contributing to ​an increase in the ​overall consumer price index for meat ​by ​11 percent year-over-year in August, according to China’s National Bureau of Statistics. 
  • Growing meat prices, together with fresh fruits and vegetables, ​also ​contributed to​ inflation of the​ ​broader food price ​index​, which recorded a six percent year-over-year​ increase​.

Pig meat is one of the most important foods in ​the​ daily diet of people living in China​,​ accounting for ​12 percent (about ​368 kilocalories​) of ​each person's ​daily energy intake​,​ according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. T​o meet this consumption demand, China produces around 54 million tonnes of pork annually​, which is five times more than the US, the second largest producer of pork globally. ​While ​Chinese domestic supply of pork relies primarily on domestic production, ​​the swine flu will force China to turn to other suppliers, such as Spain, Germany, Canada, and (potentially, despite the trade war) the United States.

 

Rising pork prices ​have had a negligible effect on overall consumer price inflation to date​, which remained stable at 2.8 percent in August.​ The threat to China's economy comes from the unabated and accelerated growth rate in pork prices in tandem with the central bank's implementation of new policy measures effective September 16 to support monetary easing. 

  • The People's Bank of China cut the reserve requirement ratio by 50 basis points to support the slowing Chinese economy.
  • Lower reserve requirements will enable increased lending to businesses and households, reducing borrowing costs, and (if all goes to plan) stimulating more investment. But on the flip side of more investment is ... rising inflation, which given current pressures, may accelerate beyond the Bank's targets.  

Download our latest AGRICULTURE data brief

The Agriculture Data Brief spans land use, machinery, and fertilizers to agricultural production, trade, and forecasts, providing you with the latest data and insights developed using recognized data sources to support your analysis.

Related Insights from Knoema

China’s Swine Fever Crisis Aftermath

(08 July 2021) China’s outbreak of African swine fever back in 2018-2019 hurt domestic pig meat production and provided opportunities for meat* producers around the world to increase exports of pork and other meat to supplement China's diminished domestic supply. The US, the EU, and Brazil have benefited the most from the growing Chinese imports of meat, but some smaller meat exporters that had not traded meat to China before, like Russia and Belarus, also increased their meat exports. The swine fever outbreak wiped out 28% of China's hog population; pork production in China...

Difference in Daily Diet Across Countries

(Updated: 09 June 2021) How does the composition of people's daily diets vary across countries? Ideally, food intake should be balanced, which requires access to fresh vegetables and fruits, grains, proteins (meats and beans), dairy products, and healthy oils while minimizing or reducing consumption of alcohol, salt, and sugar. For a variety of reasons, income being paramount, disparities in access to quality food undermine the average daily diets of millions of people worldwide. A comparison of data on the consumption of various food products per capita and gross national income...

US Agricultural Exports to China Falling, Farmers Seek New Markets

Ask any American soybean farmer about current market conditions and US-China trade frictions will bubble up in the conversation. After the late June meeting between presidents Xi Jinping and Donald Trump in Osaka, Trump assured American farmers that trade talks would resume and that China would buy a tremendous amount of food and agricultural products very soon. Yet, in the month since, no significant purchases have been announced and no information is publicly available on large purchases in the offing, especially now, as the trade-war escalated again with the new 10-percent...

France and Italy: Top Wine Producers, Forever?

Government policies and global competition that have contributed to regular fluctuation in the total global area under vines - wine vines, that is - have done little to upset France’s and Italy’s continued dominance in wine production. In 2014, France overtook Italy’s worldwide lead the year before, producing nearly 47 million hectoliters (4.6 billion liters) of wine. The Wine Institute and the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) estimate that the globe surface area under vines is between 7.26 and 7.57 million hectares, an area roughly equivalent to the area of the...