Before R&D expenditure of United Kingdom started to increase to reach a level of 2.91 % in 2021, it went through a trough reaching a low of 1.53 % in 2004.
The description is composed by our digital data assistant.| North America | 3.32 % in 2021 | WB |
| Europe | 2.3 % in 2021 | WB |
| Belgium | 3.43 % in 2021 | WB |
| Sweden | 3.42 % in 2021 | WB |
| Switzerland | 3.36 % in 2021 | WB |
| Austria | 3.26 % in 2021 | WB |
| Germany | 3.14 % in 2021 | WB |
| Finland | 2.99 % in 2021 | WB |
| Denmark | 2.81 % in 2021 | WB |
| Iceland | 2.81 % in 2021 | WB |
| Netherlands | 2.31 % in 2021 | WB |
| Patent Applications | 7,263 Number in 2021 | WB |
| R&D personnel | 4,491.32 per million people in 2017 | WB |
| Scientific and Technical Journal Articles | 105,564.47 Number in 2020 | WB |
| Trademark Applications | 36,892 Number in 2019 | WB |
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